What Happened on September 12th?

A last-minute rescue changes the course of European history

1683 The Siege of Vienna Ended

On September 12, 1683, the Siege of Vienna ended with a decisive victory for the Holy Roman Empire, led by Polish King Jan III Sobieski. After two months of fierce fighting, Sobieski's forces broke the Ottoman siege, halting their advance into Europe. This crucial battle marked the beginning of the Ottoman Empire's decline in Europe and shifted the balance of power in the region.

This painting done by an unknown painter depicts the Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683.

🗞️Today’s Headlines

Everything important that’s ever happened on September 12:

1992 ─ Mae Jemison became the first African American woman in space, inspiring future generations in science and technology.

1980 ─ The Turkish military, led by General Kenan Evren, seized power in a coup, imposing martial law and restructuring the political system amidst political and economic turmoil.

1974 ─ Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia was deposed by the Derg in a military coup, ending centuries of monarchy and leading to political upheaval.

1959 ─ The Soviet Union launched Luna 2, becoming the first human-made object to reach the Moon and intensifying the space race with the United States.

1953 ─ Nikita Khrushchev became leader of the Soviet Union, initiating de-Stalinization and significant reforms in governance.

1943 ─ German commandos, led by Otto Skorzeny, rescued Benito Mussolini in the Gran Sasso raid, allowing him to form the Italian Social Republic.

1940 ─ The Lascaux Cave paintings were discovered in France, revealing over 600 prehistoric artworks that offer insights into early human culture.

🎂 Today’s Birthdays

On September 12, we’re singing to:

Alexander Campbell (1788) ─ US clergyman and key figure in the Restoration Movement, known for his efforts to unify Christian denominations and influence American religious history.

Michael Ondaatje (1943) ─Canadian writer acclaimed for his historical fiction and poetic prose, best known for his novel The English Patient, which has had a lasting impact on literature.

 🪦Who Died Today?

On September 12, we’re saying goodbye to:

John Alden (1687) ─ English colonist and Mayflower Pilgrim who played a significant role in the establishment and governance of Plymouth Colony, influencing early American history.

Johnny Cash (2003) ─ Johnny Cash was a legendary musician with a deep voice and rebellious spirit, known for his contributions to country, rock, and folk music, leaving an indelible mark on the music industry.

David Foster Wallace (2008) ─ Influential author and essayist whose innovative writing, particularly in Infinite Jest, challenged and expanded the boundaries of modern literature.

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